Macbeth Term Paper Free Essays

Macbeth Term Paper Macbeth is a story that demonstrates profound change in human character in times when a strong belief becomes the focal point or reason for existence. In extreme cases, as in the story of Macbeth, he becomes so in tuned in his beliefs that he went through remarkable changes both mentally and spiritually. Macbeth is a character who puts himself in a life or death situation and from this a whole new persona comes out of him. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Term Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Macbeth is a prime example of a man that opts to will his way to power in the most daring and deceiving ways possible without any regard for his actions. Under dyer needs it is within human nature to adapt to surrounding and do what ever becomes necessary to continue on living. Throughout the story Macbeth adapted a new personality because of his thirst for the thrown, his undeniable disregard for others’ well being, and the immense pressure bestowed upon him by the people close to him. â€Å"If it were done when ’tis done, then ’twere well. It were done quickly. If th’assassination, could trammel up the consequence, and catch with his surcease success: that but this blow might be the be-all and the end-all, here, But here upon this bank and shoal of time, We’d jump the life to come† (act 1, scene 7). This quotation demonstrates Macbeth and his struggle with his new personality trait: greed. Macbeth’s greed begins to take over his train of thought early on, after his visit with the witches. After visiting with the withes he finds that he is going to be named King if he goes through with various acts. Instantly his worldview changes and he begins to go through changes. Macbeth begins to loath the idea of doing anything other than capturing the thrown. This scene shows how Macbeth is contemplating the act of killing Dunkin (King of Scotland). As he explains in this quote, he realizes there are great consequences if he should be caught and he also believes that the benefits in his mind are very worthy as well, should he succeed in killing the king. This is a monumental change in his attitude or personality because before he was just a noble man, who happened to be legitimately respected. Undoubtedly Macbeth would never have considered killing King Dunkin before he saw visions of himself as king. This is especially true due to the fact that Macbeth and King Dunkin have a courteous and well-known relationship as cousins (Bates, Alfred). Very little evidence would show Macbeth as a careless and murderous man. Greed and passion however lead him to contemplate murder. â€Å"Yields to that suggestion, Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair, And make my seated heart knock at my ribs† (Act 1, scene 3, 133-135). Undeniably, at this point in the story, Macbeth is rapped up in greed and the power he yearns to grasp. This is the tipping point for Macbeth. He knows that he will not be the same person should he go through with the act of killing King Dunkin however his urge to put himself in a better position is eating away at his conscience (Bates, Alfred). This is a good example of how Macbeth cannot control his desires when he describes his â€Å"heart knocking at his ribs†. He is indirectly holding his life above others as his conscience is telling him to take power over the thrown, in any way possible. This shows that not only the personality trait of greed is taking over, but also the traits of becoming egocentric and self-centered are coming out of Macbeth. There is not a time in this part of Macbeth where he describes reasons for taking power other than the sheer fortunes that come with being king. In other words, Macbeth never states that he can do better as king than King Dunkin had done, rather he only wants to become the most powerful man in Scotland. Macbeth is in the middle of developing a self-centered personality trait because his thoughts do not consider anyone other than himself when he contemplates murder as a means to become king. Before Macbeth even thought of taking control he was a strong soldier who had the personal qualities to become king in a more natural way. However, he proved to fall into the trap of questioning his own self-confidence. Macbeth was completely influenced by his wife Lady Macbeth. â€Å"The raven himself is hoarse, That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan, Under my battlements. Come, you spirits, That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty. Make thick my blood, Stop up th’access and passage to remorse† (Act 1, scene 5, lines 36–52). This quote from Lady Macbeth has tremendous importance. The quote shows how Lady Macbeth had her heart set on killing King Dunkin and how she was totally behind her husband in doing so. Macbeth did not feel as though it was a good idea for a lot of reasons however his wife Lady Macbeth begins to make him feel like he is a coward. Lady Macbeth explained, in the quote above, how much ambition she had in favor of the act of killing King Dunkin. Within the quote Lady Macbeth calls Macbeth’s gender or man hood into question, which will cause Macbeth to alter his emotions and change his beliefs. She elucidates how she cannot commit the act of killing the King because of her nurturing and female genes however if she could change herself and be a man she would do so in order to kill Dunkin (Coriat, Isador). The idea that Lady Macbeth would kill King Dunkin in order to take power, essentially transforms Macbeth and his personality in a whole new way. Macbeth could not let his wife threaten his strength as a man and this pressure from Lady Macbeth proves to push him over the top. After this Macbeth feels a new urgency to fulfill his desires along with his wife’s wishes. This passage illuminates how easily Macbeth changes his mind because of the pressure his wife has presented him. The original personality that Macbeth expressed before this passage is much different than the one seen after he meets with the witches. Before we see a resilient militaristic man with a strong willed personality but after this point Macbeth seems to be greatly influenced by his wife (Coriat, Isador). This becomes a key point in his personality change because after this point he begins to totally become enwrapped in the insensitive decisions that appoint him king. Greed over comes all other traits and in turn makes him act upon his wishes. Macbeth experiences genuine and true personality changes when his actions lead him too far to cover up his act of killing King Dunkin. Banquo was Macbeth’s true best friend before he had gained power after killing King Dunkin. They worked together under the king and they were often seen together in the beginning of the play. Banguo is even present when Macbeth received the prophecy from the witches. This proves to be the major problem that Macbeth recognizes after he fulfilled the prophecy. â€Å"We have, scorched the snake, not killed it. She’ll close and be herself whilst our poor malice, Remains in danger of her former tooth†(act 3, scene 2). This quote explains how Macbeth recognizes that Banquo is a major threat to him. Macbeth believed that Banquo would reveal his secret because Banquo had been an advocate for Dunkin before. Banquo also knew that Macbeth had good reason to kill Dunkin after he heard the prophecy of the witches. This passage shows that Macbeth allows fear to influence his actions and take over his life. Macbeth had gone from having Banquo as a good friend to contemplating killing him because he knew too much about what he had done. The trait of fear truly started to take form is Macbeth’s life after this point since he began to always have to cover up his previous actions. Macbeth is no longer even remotely a good or a noble man after this point since he decided to kill his friend Macbeth. After this point he becomes vastly self-centered and wrapped in his fears that control his life. â€Å"Macb: Both of you Know Banquo was your enemy. Murderers: True, my lord. Macb: So is he mine; and in such bloody distance that every minute of his being thrusts Against my near’st of life† (Act III, scene 1). Macbeth proves, within this conversation with the murderers, that he does not see Banquo as his friend anymore. He convinces the murderers that Banquo is their enemy along with his. Macbeth is very clear about his word use and how he feels about Banquo, which in turn shows how he has totally changed his mind about Banquo. This is a worthy example of a personality change in Macbeth’s makeup. Macbeth has completely changed his feelings towards a very important person in his life with no feasible purpose or reason other than the reason that Banquo was a liability towards him and his goal of staying king. Lastly Macbeth states that the blood of Banquo is better off on the murderers rather than in Banquo. The passage clearly shows a changed man who, because of fear, makes major changes in his character and personality. Macbeth is becoming a man who does not care about who he hurts or what he does as long as he stays King. This shows how he completely changed his makeup as he went from being thoughtful and careful to insensitive and irresponsible. Macbeth’s spinning relationship with Banquo is not the only time when he changes his feelings towards someone or a group of people. Throughout the play Macbeth has changing feelings towards the witches. In the begging of the play Macbeth has a great deal of trust in what the witches have told him through their prophecies. He goes as far as committing murderous acts because of the witches prophecies. Later on however, Macbeth begins to change his feelings towards the witches. Macbeth begins to loose trust in them and develops a loathing emotion for the witches. His new feelings towards the witches develop after he committed the murders and realized that he had put himself in a dangerous situation (Lou Ching). Macbeth knows he must go back to find out the rest of his destiny. When he returns to the witches he demands them to tell him what will happen. In act 4 scenes 1-3 Macbeth meets with the witches and demands to see his fait. The witches show him three visions. The first vision is of a floating head, which was a symbol of Macduff. After this the witches warned him of Macduff. The second vision was of a bloody child, which was a metaphor or symbol proclaiming that no man who was born of a woman would kill Macbeth. After these symbols the last and most important because he saw himself walking with eight kings who were all in the form of ghosts. Once Macbeth had seen this he knew something was wrong however the witches would not explain it. Macbeth becomes very angry with the witches and begins to worry about his future. Macbeth exclaimed â€Å"Infected be the air whereon they ride, And damned all those that trust them! † (Act 4, scene 1). The quote shows how Macbeth has become enraged with the witches because he believed that they had been toying with him. The witches made Macbeth feel very uneasy after this point because he was still unsure about his future. Unlike the beginning of the play, Macbeth clearly looses trust in the witches as they left Macbeth with no clear sense about where his fait would rest. This shows how Macbeth had gone from a person who had trust in people to a man who could trust no one. This personality trait of never keeping faith in himself or anyone around him is a trait that continually comes up throughout the play. Macbeth had become a vicious and insensitive King. Murderous acts require a man who is unstable. Killing an innocent person to obtain benefits demonstrations a self-centered inhumane characteristic. By the time the murders of Banquo and King Dunkin had been committed Macbeth had completely turned into a new man. In no possible way was the Macbeth who did not kill anyone, in the beginning of the play, the same man as the Macbeth who murdered two close friends (Wykes, Walter). Macbeth was a murderer, which became a personality trait in that he no longer feared murdering a man. Macbeth continued to have murderous thoughts as he told the witches that he would murder Macduff if he needed to. Murder became a way of life or a means to live for Macbeth, which proved to be his most significant characteristic throughout the play. Often tremendous traumas will change a person, usually in a negative way. Murdering someone is a trauma that puts great amounts of guilt as well as other conscious thoughts in ones head. Throughout the play Macbeth becomes a totally new person because of the stresses that a murderous act puts on a man (Ross, Julia). Murderous actions and hard to deal with ordeals also change Macbeth and his ways of suppressing bad memories. Macbeth clearly accepts the idea that he has become a murder especially after he commits the second murder. This is a monumental change in his personality because the idea that Macbeth is completely accepting of the idea that killing someone is tolerable, is without a doubt, an insane thought (Wykes, Walter). â€Å"If it were done when ’tis done, then ’twere well, It were done quickly†(act 1, scene 7). This quote comes from the time before Macbeth killed King Dunkin. It shows how he is explaining the importance to get over the murder quickly. Macbeth shows how his conscious is very weak and how the act of the murder will not bother him because he will make sure to get over it quickly (John Boe). It is clear that the witches become a main focus for Macbeth and the trust he has in remaining king. The built up of insecurities and fear inside of Macbeth however create a new personality trait in order to contemplate the idea of trusting the witches. Rash impulses and hasty thoughts allow Macbeth to trust the witches. If Macbeth had a clear mind and realized the right thing to do would be to ignore the witches and their prophecy, Macbeth would have never even contemplated the idea of killing Dunkin with his wife. Greed and impulsive decisions take total control over Macbeth and in turn make him do things that he would not have normally done. The witches clearly are the source for Macbeth’s decisions and because of this he does not trust his own thoughts rather he trusts the visions of the witches (Lou Ching). Macbeth is a proven story of a man with many psychological problems, which truly come out of him because he sees and opportunity to be King. Macbeth shows a side of him, which he may not have even known about, however under the immense pressure of the act of murder his personality and human characteristics change. The people around him become mere objects he moves like chess pieces within his selfish efforts to remain in power, because of his dominate personality trait of greed. Murderous acts become second nature actions for Macbeth, which is a proven example of how he had become insane and developed new personality traits. Bates, Alfred. â€Å"Macbeth. †Ã‚  TheatreHistory. com. London: Historical Publishing Company. Web. 6 Apr. 2012. ;lt;http://www. theatrehistory. com/british/macbeth001. html;gt;. Boe, John. â€Å"John Boe, The Tragedy of Macbeth: Character Studies | Open Shakespeare. †Ã‚  Open Shakespeare. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. ;lt;http://openshakespeare. org/2011/03/22/john-boe-the-tragedy-of-macbeth-character-studies;gt;. â€Å"Character of Life in Macbeth. †Ã‚  The Mother’s Service Society. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. lt;http://www. motherservice. org/content/character-life-macbethgt;. Chou, Lou Ching. â€Å"Witches in Macbeth. †Ã‚  Web Hosting Provider. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. lt;http://www. mseg. info/ib/essays/witches. tmgt;. Coriat, Isador H. â€Å"The Hysteria of Lady Macbeth – An Analysis of the Sleepwalking Scene. †Ã‚  Shakespeare Online. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. lt;http://www. shakespeare-online. com/plays/macbeth/macbethsleepwalking. htmlgt;. Ross, Julia. â€Å"TuftsRoss. †Ã‚  Meredith College : Raleigh, NC. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. lt;http://www. meredith. edu/english/walton/TuftsRoss. htmgt;. Wykes, Walter. â€Å"The Personality of Murder in Shakespeare’s Macbeth. â€Å"Http://ezinearticles. com/. 30 Aug. 2007. Web. lt;http://EzineArticles. com/? expert=Walter_Wykes Article Source: http://EzineArticles. com/709816gt;. How to cite Macbeth Term Paper, Essays

Denham and Matheson Essay Example For Students

Denham and Matheson Essay The media is able to build up an explosive cocktail, manufacturing stories, reporting on events before they occur and producing alarmist forecasts so that if and when a problem occurs it achieves the notion of a self-fulfilling prophesy. As Poulton (2005:31) describes: The media thus provides the news that fulfils the expectation they create, whether or not they elicit fulfilling behaviour this demonstrates how news values work and how the media actively engage in news-making. Poultons (2005) description of the process of news-making not only emphasises a manufactured process, but allows for further debate concerning the capitalist economy of news-making. From a general production perspective, Marx (1946, in Murdock, 2000) states that in a capitalist economy, raw materials are transformed into saleable goods and services. Whether it is to achieve audience ratings or actual consumer purchases, the media are part of a capitalist economy. Where television works to gain ratings and advertising revenue, the printed press works to sell copies of newspapers or magazines and so on. The needs and wants of the consumers must be met in order to create capital and recognition of the processes of manufacturing are an integral part to production (Ang, 1991; Hagen, 1999). The media violence debate has also extended to include thoughts concerning media output and its influence on human behaviour. In the past this has been documented in many high profile violence and murder cases such as the James Bulger case and the Columbine killings. Livingstone (2005:12) suggests that the media has often been the scapegoat for the supposed moral impact of family life, on ethnic stereotyping or on crime statistics; however this is contested by an audience research agenda which is driven by the conflict of interests surrounding the issue (ibid. , 2005). Violence is only one such representation which is discussed in terms of media output and the influence upon audiences, other popular topics include: politics, health, racism and war (Iyengar, 1997). When approaching the subject of direct media influence upon crime rates using stimulus/response research, Berkowitz and Macaulay (1971, in Berkowitz and Heimer Rogers, 1986) found significant increases in the rate of violent crimes following several sensational murders in the 1960s. However, Berkowitz and Heimer Rogers (1986) go on to propose that these incidences are not like for like copycat incidents. They claim that the concept of cognitive-neoassociationism provides a framework to analyse these phenomena. They state that, peoples reactions to what they read, see, or hear in the media depend considerably on the way the message is interpreted and the thoughts and memories that are consequently activated (ibid. , 1986:58). The media and popular culture are hypothesised to be part of a set of factors that contribute to societal violence as it is difficult to measure human thought or to precisely know how media influence their audiences (ibid. , 1986). This particular stance further supported by Lull (2000:100) who argues that people mediate the influence of the media, particularly if they are within a setting that allows for social mediations to occur, i. e. with family, friends or peers. This allows recipients to raise questions, pose criticism or reinforce positive messages. Lull (2000) claims that the media audience has not changed much, but that it has just taken researchers longer to describe the complex relationships between the media and its interpreters. As an alternative to principally analysing the direct effects of media output, research has shifted to include the audience into the large body of research. Allor (1988, in Mosco and Kaye, 2000:31) suggests that the concept of the audience is the underpinning prop for the analysis of the social impact of mass communication in general. Though Moores (1993:1), finds difficulty in defining what the audience actually is, suggesting that there is no stable entity which we can isolate and identify as the media audience. Recommendation Report EssayKlapper (1966:18) theorises that generally people will expose themselves to those mass communications which are in accord with their existing attitudes and interests. With this in mind, it is taste and pleasure which Ang (1985) and Radway (1991) emphasised was a key positive effect that audiences derived from media texts, which Ang (1985:17) further comments is an idea which is at odds with the doctrine that mass culture primarily manipulates the masses. Though Marxist beliefs will detail that the pleasure derived from texts is a false kind of pleasure a trick of manipulating the masses more effectively in order to lock them in the eternal status quo of exploitation and oppression and to further the capitalist economy, it only presents one side of the argument because to successfully sell a commodity, such as a media text, the commodity itself must have some usefulness (ibid. , 1985:17-18). Morley (1992) added that there is the potential for different individuals or groups to operate different decoding strategies in relation to different topics and different contexts. A person might make oppositional readings of the same material in one context and dominant readings in other contexts. He further noted that in interpreting viewers readings of mass media texts, attention should be paid not only to the issue of agreement (acceptance/rejection) but to comprehension, relevance and enjoyment (ibid. , 1992: 126-127). Further Criticism of Halls model raises the question; does the preferred meaning actually exist?. Moores (1993:28) asks of the preferred meaning, Where is it and how do we know if weve found it? Can we be sure we didnt put it there ourselves while we were looking? And can it be found by examining any sort of text? . Moreover, Morley (1981:6) pondered whether it might be the reading which the analyst is predicting that most members of the audience will produce and wondered whether the concept may be applied more easily to news and current affairs than to other mass media genres. Based upon the assumption that widely available communication forms play an important role in mediating society (Matheson, 2005:1), both Matheson (2005) and Wareing (2004) highlight the potential ability of language to create new meanings and inflict power upon society. The previous discussion regarding the media and violence authors such as Denham (1999) and Matheson (2005) detailed the process by which media discourse and verbal reduction may shape forms of representation and ultimately create meaning and agenda.

9 Creative Ideas for Teaching Time

9 Creative Ideas for Teaching Time Teaching time can be tricky and frustrating at times, but hands-on and lots of practice will help the concept stick. Judy clocks are excellent clocks for kids to use since the hour hand moves when the minute hand goes around, just like the real thing. The following ideas are from homeschoolers, teachers, and others who submitted creative teaching strategies on an online forum Make a Clock For telling time, you could make a clock, using strong paper and a brad in the middle, and practice telling time. Start with the oclock times, then move on to 30s. After that, show that the numbers around the face have the minute value which is reached when you count by 5s, and practice telling time with the minute hand on the numbers. (Make sure you progress the hour hand as you go. They need to get used to the idea that at 4:55, the hour hand will look like its on the 5.) –Anachan Start with Hours For telling time, we made a clock out of a paper plate and used a paper fastener to attach to construction paper hands. You can move the hands to demonstrate different times. I started with teaching hours (9 oclock, 10 oclock, etc.), then did quarter and half hours, and finally minute increments. –chaimsmo1 Start Later I didnt introduce time and money until toward the end of 1st grade. Its easier to understand quarter-past and half past once you have covered fractions. Of course, we talk about time and money in our daily life long before the end of first grade. –RippleRiver Telling Time Job I always ask her to provide me the time. It is just one of her jobs. It is also her job to adjust the thermostat. She will read me the numbers and I will tell her what to change it to or how many to change it by, etc. –FlattSpurAcademy Count by 5s on Watch For my son, since hed learned how to count by 5s, I taught him to count by 5s on his watch. He picked this up really well. We did have a little adjusting to do with the times that were near the next hour because it always looks like the next hour, but he learned to really pay attention to where the little hand was (just before the next number, etc.). To me, I find it confusing (and a waste) to show a breakdown of hour, half-hour, learn that, then break it down more... the same time could be spent learning the count by 5s. I havent taught him how to count by exact number yet (12:02 example), but will be doing that this year. –AprilDaisy1 Time Story Problems Personally, I wouldnt start with money and time until she has mastered counting by 5s and 10s. This way, it will become very easy for her to understand the principles in figuring out the time and amount of change, etc. My son only knew the value of coins and telling time by oclock and half-past in kindergarten. Now, he is able to make change, count change, and tell time. He is now learning how to figure out time sentence problems (e.g., How much time did it take, etc.) and he is starting 2nd grade. However, while in kindergarten and 1st grade, he was able to add and subtract very large numbers and carry-over, etc. So, dont be surprised if your child is not ready for this- especially if he/she cannot count by 5s and 10s first. –Kelhyder Teach it as it Happens Well, I have a kindergartener and were working on time and money right now. He actually is really good at time because we teach time as it happens. He realizes that his favorite show comes on at 4:00 pm, he knows that his friends come home from school at about 3:00 pm, etc. He learns because he asks. Also, when he went to visit my parents this summer, they bought him an analog watch and taught him how to tell time on it. Hes not perfect at it, but he can get it down to the hour now. But yes, time is definitely better taught as it happens. Thats also how I learned analog time when I was a kid. –Erin The Shiny Pocket Watch To teach my son to tell time, once he understood the basics, we went to a store and he picked out a pocket watch that caught his eye. I told him it was up to him to make sure we always knew the time. He was excited to have any excuse to pull out that shiny watch and use it. It reinforced his time telling skills and now every time he sees it, he can remember that special time we spent together. –Misty Name the Hands I realized it is helpful if you give the names to the following hand: Second hand Second hand (keep it the same)Big hand Minute HandSmall hand Name Hand You can explain now or later that its not really called the name hand, but it will make it easier to learn for now. Start off by teaching the time at the top of the hours. Put the clock at 3:00 and ask what number does the name hand point to? When he says, 3, say that means its 3 oclock. Next, change it to 4. Now what time does the name hand point to? etc. Mix it up after a few times. Once the child seems to understand that, ask him or her to make a time and tell you what it is. If they go to something other than an oclock, (like 3:20), feel free to tell them what time that is, but say that the big hand has to be facing up for it to be three oclock. Explain youll learn the rest of it another day (or teach it to them later after they have mastered the oclock part. Every child will be different.) –Matt Bronsil

The eNotes Blog Protest in Literature Ten Powerful Samples of People andPersuasion

Protest in Literature Ten Powerful Samples of People andPersuasion For as long as there have been uprisings, writers have voiced the emotions and motivations of the oppressed. In acknowledgment of the ongoing struggles happening around the world, we offer these lines that have powerfully expressed those feelings and may even offer some encouragement. Image via Pinterest 1.   The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck Men who have created new fruits in the world cannot create a system whereby their fruits may be eaten. And the failure hangs over the State like a great sorrow. and in the eyes of the people there is the failure; and in the eyes of the hungry there is a growing wrath. In the souls of the people the grapes of wrath are filling and growing heavy, growing heavy for the vintage. Image via Evening Star Books 2.   Resistance, Rebellion, and Death: Essays by Albert Camus It is true that freedom, when it is made up principally of privileges, insults labor and separates it from culture. But freedom is not made up principally of privileges; it is made up especially of duties. And the moment each of us tries to give freedoms duties precedence over its privileges, freedom joins together labor and culture and sets in motion the only force that can effectively serve justice. The rule of our action, the secret of our resistance can be easily stated: everything that humiliates labor also humiliates the intelligence, and vice versa. And the revolutionary struggle, the centuries-old straining toward liberation can be defined first of all as a double and constant rejection of humiliation. Image via Ellina Raisovna 3.   Les Misà ©rables by Victor Hugo So long as there shall exist, by reason of law and custom, a social condemnation which, in the midst of civilization, artificially creates a hell on earth, and complicates with human fatality a destiny that is divine; so long as the three problems of the century the degradation of man by the exploitation of his labour, the ruin of women by starvation and the atrophy of childhood by physical and spiritual night are not solved; so long as, in certain regions, social asphyxia shall be possible; in other words and from a still broader point of view, so long as ignorance and misery remain on earth, there should be a need for books such as this. Image via Abe Books 4.   The Crisis by Thomas Paine These are the times that try mens souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious thetriumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only that gives every thing its value. Image via Penguin Random House 5.   Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, by Fredrick Douglas If there is no struggle, there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom, and yet depreciate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground. They want rain without thunder and lightning. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its many waters. This struggle may be a moral one; or it may be a physical one; or it may be both moral and physical; but it must be a struggle. 6.   A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to heaven, we were all going direct the other way in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only. Image via Cannon Press 7.   Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison I am an invisible man.I am a man of substance, of flesh and bone, fiber and liquids and I might even be said to possess a mind. I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to see me. Image via Amazon 8.   The Essential Gandhi: An Anthology of His Writings on His Life, His Work, and Ideas by Mahatma Gandhi   When I despair, I remember that all through history the way of truth and love have always won. There have been tyrants, and murderers, and for a time they can seem invincible, but in the end they always fall. Think of italways. Image via twicemodern 9.   On Civil Disobedience and Non-Violence by Leo Tolstoy I sit on a mans back choking him and making him carry me, and yet assure myself and others that i am sorry for him and wish to lighten his load by all means possible.except by getting off his back. Image via Goodreads 10.   Public Power in the Age of Empire by  Arundhati Roy Colorful demonstrations and weekend marches are vital but alone are not powerful enough to stop wars. Wars will be stopped only when soldiers refuse to fight, when workers refuse to load weapons onto ships and aircraft, when people boycott the economic outposts of Empire that are strung across the globe. (Featured Image by  Jerry Kiesewetter  on  Unsplash)

Leadership and Direction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership and Direction - Essay Example These answers will provide the members of the team with added information that can be used in the decision making process. When performing brainstorming sessions that lead to lots of questions being asked one of the team members should serve the role of secretary to take notes about the topics been discussed in the meeting. The secretary should also record the entire meeting in order to document the meeting and the questions that were discussed during brainstorming. There are different types of questions that must be asked to ensure a project is appropriate for the organization. Some of the first questions that must be discussed are regarding the content and scope of the project. Is the project aligned with the organization’s mission and goals? A second very important concern is the finances of the project. Does the company have sufficient funds to undertake the project? The company must ask itself whether the firm has sufficient human resources available for the project. The firm must also ask itself if there is a need for the recruitment of new personnel for the project. During the planning phase two questions that must be asked are: The leader will know if the right questions were asked for the project based on the collective input of the entire team staff. Once the team concludes its brainstorming and question asking the leader must document the data and ask for a second opinion from other managers of the company including the general manger, controller, marketing president, COO, and CFO, and CEO of the firm. These members of the executive management team have vast knowledge about how to run a team project efficiently. Their input will validate whether the project manager performed his job adequately in regards to gathering the information necessary to proceed with the project. The project manager should discuss the meeting he or she had with the executive management team with the rest of the

Japanese art influence on Western culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Japanese art influence on Western culture - Essay Example Throughout history, Japanese Art has had a significant influence on Western Culture. The exposure of Japanese to the economic opportunities in the West, and an influx of European philosophies, and culture into Japan have reversed the otherwise classic isolated Japanese artists. The debut of Japanese art and civilization in the West led to the coining of the term â€Å"Japonism,† which recognizes the influences of the Japanese art in the Western society. Genova indicates that Japonism was mainly promoted by the ukiyo-e form of art (453). This paper explores the works of Japanese artists Hosoda Eishi and Ando Hiroshige and their influence on the Western culture. The Snowy Day, Nihon-Bashi (1840-1842) Ando Hiroshige’s Snowy Day, Nihon-Bashi, a woodblock print done in the early 1840s, highly influenced the American culture barely two decades after its production. The art stored in The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, inspired the works of James McNeill Whistler. Skeen avers t hat the American-born artist, based in Britain took after the Japanese, and his art, done in 1862, greatly resembled the former’s work (138). The Japanese art contributed to the development of modern Western architectures, which were reminiscent later in the Industrial Revolution. The Japanese art’s depiction of the boat, rejuvenated the boat construction industry, and enhanced the construction of waterways such as the canals and bridges built in the West in the second-half of the nineteenth century. The River of the Heavenly Dragon (1833-1834) The Japanese art is a woodblock print that greatly influenced the widespread use of small water vessels in Europe and America. Whistler’s The Punt (1861) is a replica of the small boat that was made in the likeness of the Japanese art’s impression of the vessel. The Hiroshige art influenced the growth of canoeing activities at the coast of most Western countries during the second-half of the 1800. The Punt substant ially enhanced paddling activities on the West’s coastal waters in as much the same way as the Chinese dragon did in early 1800s, though the Westerners eventually turned it into sport. The Geisha Itsutomi of Hosoda Eishi (late 1700 to early 1800) The Geisha Itsutomi of Hosoda Eishi is believed to have had a significant influence on the Western culture of dressing in lengthy frock. Replicated in James Whistler’s â€Å"The Princess in the Land of Porcelain† (1863-1864), Itsutomi’s tall, slim, and an attractive upright posture of a beautiful woman clutching a shamisen plectrum, was a unique attribute of a moral woman of the ancient Japanese society. The clear portrayal of the art in a limited palette, with a plain background appears to mirror the essence of an art that advocates woman decency in the early Western society. According to Skeen, most of the cities were grappling with the problem of immorality caused by the high rate of joblessness (138). In ligh t of this, the Japanese art rejuvenated the culture of conservatism and human simplicity in the wake of radical economic transformations in the West. Kawaguchi (1857) Fourth, Ando Hiroshige’s woodblock print referred to as the Kawaguchi (1857), influenced the Western culture, and most likely contributed to the design of James McNeill Whistler’s Nocturne: Blue and Silver - Chelsea (1871). The Japanese art depicts an attractive scene of the landscape, viewed from an aerial perspective. The art influenced the Western society’s efforts to conserve natural resources, as the impending Industrial Revolution of the late 1800s threatened the existence such beautiful scenes (Skeen 138). The Hiroshige print, also captures the workers paddling their vessels up the river with logs towards the milling point. These human activities were later typical of the economic activities of the West, a few decades later. The West eventually embarked on proper exploitation of the rich for est resources for use in the paper industries, building and construction and

Margin of Appreciation

Margin of Appreciation The analogy of the doctrine of margin of appreciation reflects the rational behind the separation of power and constitutional framework. Margin of appreciation is a means by where member states are conferred a privilege to balance between the rights of the individual with the rights of the public at large. When there is a conflict between the security of public with the individual human rights then it is for the state to determine whether it is within the margin of appreciation that they can violate that individual’s human rights without being held liable for violation. In the case of Goodwin v. United Kingdom(1) the court held that the United Kingdom arguments for violation was not within the margin of appreciation and the fair balance inherent in the Convention tilted in favour of the applicant.   Margin of appreciation is the term that refers to margin between the governments justification to be excused from infringing human rights. This exception is delegated to member states under certain circumstances. Not all rights are subject to margin of appreciation(2). In Harb v. His Majestry King Fahd Bin Abdu(3) the applicant challenged the lawfulness of a private hearing, it was argued that the Article 6 of the ECHR were not incompatible as Article 6(1) permitted a hearing in private and the margin of appreciation should be extended to reflect the principle underlying state immunity. To large degree, there is a legitimate justification for the existence of the margin of appreciation, most of all it is necessary as a means of balancing between the human rights of individual citizen against the protection and safety of the public as whole. If this balance did not existed, human rights would inevitably override the protection of public and pose great concern to the interest and security of the public. â€Å"In particular the press as a public watchdog are entitled to a high degree of protection.(4)† In vast number of cases, courts have indicated that authorities have wide margin of appreciation. In the House of Lord case, A (FC) and others (FC) (Appellants) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department (2004)(5) it was decided that Article 15(1) gives the authorities a wide margin of appreciation. This was clear evidence that where there is a pressing need for the security and protection of public the authorities possess a power of derogation to derogate from compliance with the human rights(6).   Conversely, in the Chahal v United Kingdom (1996)(7) European Court of Human Rights declared that Article 3 is the most fundamental right in a democratic society and â€Å"no derogation from it is permissible under Article 15 even in the event of a public emergency threatening the life of the nation(8)† This clearly demonstrates the conflict as to when margin of appreciation can and cannot be used as a justification for violation of human rights.   Arguably, there are evidence of pressing social and political needs for the rational and necessity of margin of appreciation. Margin of appreciation is a necessary and prerequisite element of state privilege in the measures they take when confronted with human rights issues of an individual citizen or a group of citizens(9). Nonetheless, the extent of margin of appreciation vary in accordance with the type of right the states authorities are interfering with and each case depended upon the circumstances and merits of the case. In Pretty v. United Kingdom [2002](10) it has been established by the ECtHR that â€Å"the national States margin of appreciation is narrow as regards interferences in the intimate area of an individuals sexual life†(11); explicitly, this is referring to interference with Article 8 of the ECHR or the HRA 1998. Further rational was set out in R (on the application of Tangney) v. The Governor of HMP Elmley and Another [2005](12) confirming that Strasbourg polices the boundaries between criminal and disciplinary charges, but it has to be appreciated that no two member states operate an identical penal disciplinary system and inevitably when dealing with fact specific situations in which the context is important each member state has some margin of appreciation(13). In other words, this coherently identifies that margin of appreciation is necessary for the smooth governance of a state in accordance with laws, norms and moralities of that specific state.   The legislator has a wide margin of appreciation in implementing social and economical policies and the legislator’s judgement are respected as to what constitutes â€Å"in the public interest†; thus, in James v. United Kingdom (1986)(14) the ECtHR determined that national courts are better in balancing individual and community interest. In this matter, Article 15(1) leaves those authorities a wide margin of appreciation(15). On the contrary, Article 2 and 3 do not recognise a margin of appreciation as they are absolute rights and not subject to any limitations because right to life and protection from torture is most fundamental right than non-discrimination as the government can derogate from right to non-discrimination in the event of a public emergency threatening the life of the nation (Article 15)(16).  Ã‚   Broadly speaking, the ECtHR developed the margin of appreciation doctrine to enable states to balance conflicting fundamental rights. For example where there is a outstanding claim for a possession order, the claimant has a right to a fair hearing under Article 6 whereas, the defendant probably has a right to a respect for family home under Article 8. In this case, the two rights clashes but it is the court’s duty to balance conflicting fundamental rights by using their power under margin of appreciation(17).  Ã‚   All qualified and limited right other than absolute rights under the HRA and the ECHR is subject to a range of restrictions. Restrictions provided under the Articles are similar between all the qualified and limited human rights and the restrictions have been applied in a similar way by the Commission and the ECtHR. The prescribed human rights may be restricted by limitations proscribed by law, which are necessary in a democratic society in the interest of public safety, for the protection of public order, health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others(18). The ECtHR recognises that its role is to review and ensure that the decision of local bodies fall within the margin of appreciation as identified in Ahmad v. United Kingdom (1981)(19). Case law suggest that there are arguments for and against the existence of margin of appreciation. However, to preserve a same level of human rights to each citizen there must be a provision enabling the state to draw a line between two or more conflicting right or the protection of the citizens of that state. There are more rational behind the existence of margin of appreciation as a means of balancing mechanism in a democratic society.